Deep Learning

Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, Aaron Courville

Machine Learning / Textbook

The field's definitive graduate textbook: probability theory, optimization, feedforward networks, CNNs, RNNs, generative models, and the mathematical scaffolding of modern AI. Karpathy worked through it cover-to-cover and called it a resource that filled a crucial gap 'from my PhD era when few deep learning resources existed.'